Assessment of Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers by Integrating Statistical and Graphical Techniques: Quaternary Aquifer, West Nile Delta, Egypt

The Quaternary aquifer in the western Nile Delta is threatened by seawater intrusion. Few studies have integrated diverse techniques for assessment of intrusion this aquifer. present study aims to determine geochemical processes and impact on To accomplish investigation, integration hydrogeochemical, statistical, multivariate graphical tools were implemented 75 groundwater samples 5 soil samples. physicochemical variables analyzed using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), saturation index (SI), ionic ratios, relationships, (SWI) correlations among 16 hydrochemical parameters, identify influencing quality area. According statistical study, divided into four groups. Those are distributed, from north south: Group1 (G1), Group2 (G2), Group4 (G4), Group3 (G3). G1 G2 distinguished Na–Cl chemical type. While G4 has two main ion associations, HCO3–Ca–Mg Cl–SO4–Na, G3 characterized HCO3–Cl–SO4–Ca–Na that affect chemistry intrusion, exchange, silicate Ca-rich mineral weathering, deposition. groups primarily influenced incursion, evaporation, exchange mechanism. In addition, weathering minerals a substantial effect groups, resulting creation carbonate minerals.